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The first and foremost aim of the Communist Party USA is to cause the downfall of capitalism either by peaceful ways or revolutionary ways. The group wants to institute a communist society since they support the Marxism-Leninism idea.

It was in 1917 that the first communists had their first appearance in the United States. They came out after the Russian Revolution. Although there were only a few members in the group, their presence still evoked fear in the hearts of the Americans. Because of this fear, it was not surprising to note that arrests were made and many individuals were deported back to their home countries.

There were two communist parties then, the Communist Party of America and the Communist Labor Party, both of which were founded in the year 1919. But in 1921, they merged as one, taking the name of the former. In 1940, they later changed their name to Communist Party USA.

Although the party remained politically weak during the 1930s, The Great Depression gave them a significant boost in numbers, amounting to more than one hundred thousand members. Aside from these, labor unions as well as some of the liberal organizations joined them.

In the 1960s and after WWII, their strength weakened, especially since the government outlawed communism and citizens became more alarmingly concerned about the presence of communism in the society. Their members significantly dropped especially since some members were imprisoned. But in the 1970s, the Communist Party USA became quite active in the open again, although the members decreased to fifteen thousand.